A scale for the evaluation of psychological distress

Abstract
A state measure of psychological distress (DI) was developed from the MMPI [Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory] item pool. The DI scale was reliable (internally consistent and stable) and unaffected by social desirability. MMPI measures of stress and an anxiety measure external to the MMPI correlated well with the DI scale. The alcoholic Ss [subjects] of this study experienced greater psychological distress than did medical patients at the Mayo Clinic [Minnesota, USA]. Females (both alcoholics and medical patients) scored higher in psychological distress than did males.

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