One hundred eighty-three relatives of people with serious mental illnesses were randomly assigned to receive individualized consultation or group psychoeducation or were placed on a 9-month wait list. Analysis of variance and multiple regression revealed that the individualized consultation increased the family members' sense of self-efficacy regarding mentally ill relatives. Group psychoeducation was helpful in increasing self-efficacy of family members who had never participated in a support or advocacy group for relatives of psychiatrically disabled individuals.