Additives for Stabilizing LiPF[sub 6]-Based Electrolytes Against Thermal Decomposition

Abstract

Sol–gel assisted spinel ( and ) has been synthesized. The thermal study of the precursor was carried out by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Furthermore, the material has been subjected to X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry studies, and electrochemical charge–discharge studies. The X-ray diffraction of matches well with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standard card no. 35-782, confirming the formation of a single-phase spinel. Charge–discharge studies were carried out between 3 and 5 V to understand the electrochemical behavior of the undoped and doped spinels. calcined at possesses a particle size of around 70 nm and exhibits an initial discharge capacity of stabilizing at over the investigated 20 cycles. However, maleic acid derived delivers a stable higher discharge capacity of over the investigated 20 cycles and is a promising 5 V cathode material.