The gross and histological anatomy of the gill irrigation apparatus are discussed. Two histologically different types of muscle fiber are identified in certain muscles by virtue of the difference in the proportion of fibrillar to sarcoplasmic material in the muscle fibers. An accessory jaw tendon, the valve of the first gill cleft, and several ligaments are described for the first time in an anuran tadpole. An opercular muscle and a fascia lateralis are also described for the first time in a ranid tadpole. The rugulose lining of the pharynx is well vascularized; attention is also drawn to epithelial cells whose points project into the lumen of the pharynx. Several discrepancies in the literature on tadpole anatomy are discussed. To facilitate functional studies, an alphanumeric terminology is proposed for the branchiomeric muscles.