SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN LAYERED MEDIA IN TERMS OF COMMUNICATION THEORY

Abstract
The problem of a normally incident plane P wave propagating in a system of horizontally layered homogeneous perfectly elastic plates is reformulated in terms of concepts drawn from communication theory. We show how both the reflected and transmitted responses of such a system can be expressed as a z transform which is the ratio of two polynomials in z. Since this response must be stable, the denominators of the z transforms describing the reflected and transmitted motion are minimum delay (i.e., minimum‐phase lag). If the layered medium is bounded at depth by a perfect reflector, then the reflected impulse response recorded at the surface is in the form of a dispersive all‐pass z transform. A dispersive all‐pass system is one whose z transform is the ratio of the z transform of a maximum‐delay wavelet to that of its corresponding minimum‐delay wavelet; hence, the amplitude spectrum of a dispersive all‐pass system is unity for all frequencies. This means that the amplitude spectrum of the reflected response is identical to the amplitude spectrum of the input wavelet used to excite the system. More specifically, all the energy put in is returned with the same frequency content, but is differentially delayed. The phase‐lag spectrum of the reflected response lies everywhere above the phase‐lag spectrum of the input wavelet. Thus, the all‐pass situation implies that the layered earth model considered here, while not able to alter the amplitude of the frequency components of the input wavelet, will introduce differential time delays with certain properties into each such component. Finally, since the reflected impulse response is an all‐pass wavelet, its autocorrelation is a spike of unit magnitude at τ=0, and zero for all other lags.