Carbapenem Resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from India: Evidence for Nationwide Endemicity of Multiple Metallo-β-Lactamase Clones (VIM-2, -5, -6, and -11 and the Newly Characterized VIM-18)

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Abstract
Among 57 metallo-β-lactamase (MβL)-producing Pseudomonas spp. detected in India during 2006, five bla VIM genes were found, including a newly characterized bla VIM gene. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were clustered in 33 ribotypes with clones found in multiple hospitals. Several types of bla VIM-2 -carrying integrons were detected. The newly characterized variant VIM-18 showed a 4-amino-acid deletion compared to other VIM variants. In this study, we show that VIM-producing Pseudomonas spp. were highly prevalent in India with a great diversity of bla VIM types and MβL-carrying integrons.