The development of neurological disorders in chronic schistosomiasis japonica with its well-known liver involvement presents an excellent opportunity to study the pathogenesis of neurological manifestations of liver disease, which has not been fully understood. Ariizumi1in 1952 and Okinaka et al.2in 1953 reported involvement of the nervous system in schistosomiasis not due to embolism of ova. A systematic study of schistosomiasis japonica from the neurological standpoint Was therefore attempted. Clinical records of 3 cases, autopsy findings of 2 cases, and the results of an epidemiological survey in the endemic area constitute the present communication. Case Records Three cases with well-developed neurological disorders associated with chronic schistosomiasis japonica were hospitalized and extensively studied with methods of clinical investigation, including determination of hepatic blood flow and splenic portography. Case 1. —The patient was a 58-year-old female with positive reaction to the Schistosoma skin test. Family history was noncontributory except