Expression of Concern: Carrageenan‐induced mouse paw oedema is biphasic, age‐weight dependent and displays differential nitric oxide cyclooxygenase‐2 expression
Top Cited Papers
- 1 May 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in British Journal of Pharmacology
- Vol. 142 (2), 331-338
- https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705650
Abstract
Injection of carrageenan 1% (50 microl) in the mouse paw causes a biphasic response: an early inflammatory response that lasts 6 h and a second late response that peaks at 72 h, declining at 96 h. Only mice 7- or 8-week old, weighing 32-34 g, displayed a consistent response in both phases. In 8-week-old mice, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels are significantly elevated in the early phase at 6 h and reach their maximum at 24 h to decline to basal value at 48 h. Nitrate+nitrite (NO(x)) levels in the paw are maximal after 2 h and slowly decline thereafter in contrast to prostaglandin E(2) levels that peak in the second phase at the 72 h point. Western blot analysis showed that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is detectable at 6 h and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) at 24 h point, respectively. Analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), iNOS and COX-2 expression at 6 and 24 h in 3-8-week-old mice demonstrated that both eNOS and iNOS expressions are dependent upon the age-weight of mice, as opposite to COX-2 that is present only in the second phase of the oedema and is not linked to mouse age-weight. Subplantar injection of carrageenan to C57BL/6J causes a biphasic oedema that is significantly reduced by about 20% when compared to CD1 mice. Interestingly, in these mice, iNOS expression is absent up to 6 h, as opposite to CD1, and becomes detectable at the 24 h point. Cyclooxygenase (COX-1) expression is upregulated between 4 and 24 h after carrageenan injection, whereas in CD1 mice COX-1 remains unchanged after irritant agent injection. MPO levels are maximal at the 24 h point and they are significantly lower, at 6 h point, than MPO levels detected in CD1 mice. In conclusion, mouse paw oedema is biphasic and age-weight dependent. The present results are the first report on the differential expressions of eNOS, iNOS, COX-1 and COX-2 in response to carrageenan injection in the two phases of the mouse paw oedema.Keywords
This publication has 23 references indexed in Scilit:
- Geldanamycin, an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) mediated signal transduction has anti‐inflammatory effects and interacts with glucocorticoid receptor in vivoBritish Journal of Pharmacology, 2000
- A comparison of the effects of L‐NAME, 7‐NI and L‐NIL on carrageenan‐induced hindpaw oedema and NOS activityBritish Journal of Pharmacology, 1998
- Endogenous nitric oxide: physiology, pathology and clinical relevanceEuropean Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1991
- Effect of selected antiinflammatory agents and other drugs on zymosan, arachidonic acid, PAF and carrageenan induced paw edema in the mouseInflammation Research, 1987
- Measurement of Cutaneous Inflammation: Estimation of Neutrophil Content with an Enzyme MarkerJournal of Investigative Dermatology, 1982
- Anti-inflammatory testing methods: Comparative evaluation of mice and rats.Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics, 1981
- Biological properties of carrageenanJournal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1972
- A histopathological and pharmacological analysis of the mode of action of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugsThe Journal of Pathology, 1971
- Studies of the mediators of the acute inflammatory response induced in rats in different sites by carrageenan and turpentineThe Journal of Pathology, 1971
- Carrageenan paw edema in the mouseLife Sciences, 1969