In textbooks of pathology, chronic peptic ulcer of the esophagus has been described for many years as a rare condition of unknown etiology. In 1950, Barrett1pointed out that a congenital anomaly of the epithelium lining the lower esophagus was present in these cases and was a predisposing cause for the development of such an ulcer. In this anomaly, a variable length of the distal esophagus is lined by glandular or an atrophic type of gastric epithelum. A discrete chronic peptic ulcer in gastric-lined esophagus has been referred to as a "Barrett" ulcer by later authors.2The following case is an example of this congenital anomaly and demonstrates the occurrence not only of a chronic peptic ulcer but of peptic esophagitis as well. Report of a Case This patient was hospitalized for the first time in November, 1943, at the age of 75, with the complaints of dysphagia,