Satellite Estimates of Ocean–Air Heat Fluxes During Cold Air Outbreaks

Abstract
Nomograms of mean column heating, due to surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, have been developed from Stage and Businger's (1981a,b) boundary-layer model for cold air outbreaks over warm water. Mean sensible heating of the cloud-free region is related to the cloud-free path (CFP, the distance from the shore to the first cloud formation) and the difference between land-air and sea-surface temperatures θ1 and θ0, respectively. Mean latent heating is related to the CFP and the difference between land-air and sea-surface specific humidities q1 and q0, respectively. Results are also applicable to any path within the cloud-free region. Corresponding heat fluxes may be obtained by multiplying the mean heating by the mean wind speed in the boundary layer. The sensible heating, estimated by the present method, is found to be in good agreement with that computed from the bulk transfer formula. The sensitivity of the solutions to the variations in the initial coastal soundings and large-scale subsidenc... Abstract Nomograms of mean column heating, due to surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, have been developed from Stage and Businger's (1981a,b) boundary-layer model for cold air outbreaks over warm water. Mean sensible heating of the cloud-free region is related to the cloud-free path (CFP, the distance from the shore to the first cloud formation) and the difference between land-air and sea-surface temperatures θ1 and θ0, respectively. Mean latent heating is related to the CFP and the difference between land-air and sea-surface specific humidities q1 and q0, respectively. Results are also applicable to any path within the cloud-free region. Corresponding heat fluxes may be obtained by multiplying the mean heating by the mean wind speed in the boundary layer. The sensible heating, estimated by the present method, is found to be in good agreement with that computed from the bulk transfer formula. The sensitivity of the solutions to the variations in the initial coastal soundings and large-scale subsidenc...