Psychological Effects During Reduced Training in Distance Runners*

Abstract

Reduced training is most frequently employed by swimmers prior to an important competition. To investigate what occurs during reduced training in runners, ten well-trained adult male distance runners trained for 4 weeks at their baseline training distance (BT), followed by a 3-week period of a 70% reduction in training volume (RT). At the same time each week the subjects completed the Profile of Moods States (POMS) and Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (PSES). Overall and leg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were given each week while running at two consistent speeds on a motor-driven treadmill. Responses to the POMS, PSES, and Sport Competition Anxiety Test were also obtained prior to 5-km races during BT and RT. Prerace and weekly global mood state was improved (less negative) during RT. Pre-race vigor decreased significantly (P < 0.01) at RT week 2 as compared with BT, and then increased significantly (P < 0.01) at RT week 3 as compared with week 2. Pre-race tension decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at RT week 3. A significant (P < 0.01) drop in testing day fatigue occurred at RT week 1 as compared with BT. Reduced RPEs were also noted during RT weeks 2 and 3 at the slower running speed. No differences were found for competition anxiety or physical self-efficacy. Racing performance remained constant throughout the study. Thes results suggest that the subjects were unaccustomed to RT, but maintained a positive mood state particularly when it was realized that performance capability was unaltered.