Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics following single and repeated nightly administrations of loprazolam, a new benzodiazepine hypnotic.

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics of oral loprazolam and pharmacodynamic responses on the morning following nightly drug administration were examined after single and after seven consecutive 1 mg doses in six non‐fasting healthy subjects. The serum concentration‐time profiles for unchanged loprazolam measured by a specific high pressure liquid chromatography/gas chromatography (h.p.l.c./g.c.) method and for benzodiazepine material measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) were qualitatively similar although RIA levels were consistently higher. Approximate elimination half‐life of unchanged loprazolam after single doses was 8.0 h. For RIA measured material, approximate half‐life was 11.7 h following acute administration and 12.8 h after seven consecutive doses. Compared to results after single doses, maximum serum concentration and AUC were greater following 1 week's treatment. Using RIA results, the increases were 27.2% (95% CL 6.9 to 47.4%) and 35.1% (95% CL 15.8 to 54.3%) respectively and using h.p.l.c./g.c. data, 11% (95% CL − 22.6% to 44.5%) and 41% (95% CL − 50.9 to 133.0%). After repeated doses of loprazolam, there were no significant changes with respect to results after single doses in psychomotor function assessed objectively by critical flicker fusion threshold or choice reaction time, or in sleep quality or behaviour on awakening assessed subjectively by 10 cm analogue scales. Mean time to maximum serum concentration was 4.95 h with considerable inter‐individual variability (range 1‐12 h) and there was a lag time of 1–1.5 h before drug was detectable in blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)