Carbon dioxide output and elimination in children under anaesthesia
- 1 September 1977
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie
- Vol. 24 (5), 533-539
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03005526
Abstract
The requirements for fresh gas inflow with the Bain breathing circuit in children was examined by determining the \(Pa_{CO_2 } \) in 46 children during controlled ventilation with a total fresh gas inflow of 3.5 l/min and by measuring the carbon dioxide output in 83 children under anaesthesia. It could be shown that all children below 40 kg body weight had a \(Pa_{CO_2 } \) below 40 torr (5.32 kPa) and the \(Pa_{CO_2 } \) paralleled the body weight, i.e., the lowest carbon dioxide tension was seen in children under 10 kg. As expected, the highest carbon dioxide output was found in children below 5 kg body weight; the carbon dioxide output per kilogram decreased with increasing body weight up to 30-35 kg and remained at that level in larger children. Children in their teens, although they may have attained adult body weight, had a higher carbon dioxide output than adults. Based on these findings, our recommendation of a total fresh gas inflow of 3.5 l/min for all children would appear adequate for a body weight up to 35 kg on controlled ventilation. In children under 10 kg body weight, a reduction of the total fresh gas flow to two litres per minute will avoid marked respiratory alkalosis. For children over 35 kg, a fresh gas flow of 100 ml/kg/min should be satisfactory during controlled ventilation. Le volume-minute de gaz frais nécessaire chez ľenfant ventilé avec un circuit de Bain a été déterminé, premièrement, en étudiant la \(Pa_{CO_2 } \) de 46 enfants sous ventilation contrôlée et avec apport de 3.5 litres/minute de gaz frais et, deuxièmement, en déterminant la production de CO2 chez 83 enfants anesthésiés. Dans ces conditions, nous avons observé que tous les enfants de moins de 40 kilos présentaient des \(Pa_{CO_2 } \) de moins de 40 torr. et que les \(Pa_{CO_2 } \) observées étaient fonction du poids: les \(Pa_{CO_2 } \) les plus basses étant observées chez les petits de moins de 10 kilos. Tel que prévu, la production maximale de CO2 a été observée chez les enfants de moins de 5 kilos. Elle diminuait ensuite jusqu’à un poids de 30 ou 35 kilos, alors qu’elle se stabilisait. Les adolescents, même ceux qui avaient atteint un poids adulte, maintenaient une production de CO2 supérieure à ľadulte. Sur la base de ces observations, nous recommandons un apport minute de 3.5 litres de gaz frais chez ľenfant de 10 à 35 kilos. Chez le petit de moins de 10 kilos, nous recommandons un débit de 2 litres/minute. Enfin, 100 ml/kilo nous apparaissent adéquats chez ľenfant de plus de 35 kilos.
Keywords
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