Tumors in Kale

Abstract
In experimental attempts to induce artificial tumors in kale, 3 methods were used: subjection of the entire plant or of localized areas to chemical vapors, and injections of chemicals into the midrib with glass needles. The first 2 methods produced intumesences of varying degrees, the largest numbers being produced with ammonia, acetic acid and ethyl alcohol. Needle injections of the following materials produced tumor effects: NaCl (.01N to N), ethyl alcohol (l%-20%), CaCl2, acetone, glycerine, cane sugar, distilled water and others. No tumors were produced from insertion of the needle alone. The tumors resulted from the proliferation of parenchym-atous tissue and occasionally extended to the phloem. Both hyperplasia and hypertrophy occurred. No particular deviation from the normal condition of the nucleus was observed. The tumors reached a maximum size of 2.5 mm. long by 1.5 mm. wide, occasionally breaking through both the upper and lower epidermis. Larger and more abundant tumors were produced during the rainy season. There was no apparent effect of light on tumor formation.