Left ventricular mechanoreceptors: a haemodynamic study

Abstract

To study the function of the left ventricular mechanoreceptors, a working left ventricle preparation was devised in dogs which permitted control of pressure and flow of the isolated perfused coronary circulation, and of the flow of the isolated, separately perfused systemic circulation. The systemic circulation was perfused at a constant rate so that changes in systemic pressure reflected changes in systemic resistance. Increases in myocardial contractility produced by injection of catecholamines into the isolated, perfused coronary circulation produced a fall in the pressure (resistance) of the isolated, separately perfused (at a constant rate) systemic circulation. Completeness of isolation of the coronary and systemic circulations was shown by the marked difference in appearance times between the reflex hypotensive responses from catecholamine injections into the isolated coronary circulation and the direct hypertensive response from a similar injection when the circulations were connected, and by the marked difference between the pressure pulses recorded simultaneously on both sides of the aortic balloon separating the 2 circulations. Myocardial .beta. receptor blockade produced by injection of propranolol into the isolated coronary circulation abolished or attenuated the changes in left ventricular myocardial contractility and the subsequent hypotensive responses following the similar injection of catecholamines. Electrical stimulation of a sympathetic nerve innervating the heart resulted in increases in left ventricular myocardial contractility and subsequent systemic hypotensive responses indistinguishable from those following injection of catecholamines. That distortion of the mechano- or stretch receptors in the left ventricular myocardium was the cause of the hypotensive responses was demonstrated by increasing left ventricular myocardial contractility by mechanically obstructing the left ventricular outflow which produced hypotensive responses similar to those following the injection of catecholamines or nerve stimulation. The left ventricular mechanoreceptors may function normally to reduce the peripheral resistance to prepare the systemic circulation to receive the left ventricular output and, especially during exercise, to prepare the systemic circulation to receive the augmented cardiac output with a minimum alteration in the systemic blood pressure, and to distribute this augmented output preferentially to the skeletal muscles.