NMR Approach to the Quantification of Nonstatistical 13C Distribution in Natural Products: Vanillin

Abstract

Quantitative ¹³C NMR conditions have been established that permit the precise determination of site-specific ¹³C/¹²C ratios at low or natural abundance. Spectral acquisition parameters have been optimized in order to obtain minimum intensity distortions over the spectral width and in relation to the major sources of inaccuracy: the relaxation times, the decoupling pulse and power, and nuclear Overhauser effects. A major reduction in experimental time resulting from a study of the relaxation times and variance analysis has been achieved. The influence of ¹H decoupling conditions on peak areas was shown to be critical in that different relative peak areas are obtained according to the decoupling power. The efficiency with which the quantitative ¹³C NMR method can determine site-specific ¹³C/¹²C ratios in natural products has been tested for 12 independent samples of vanillin from different sources. Discriminatory analysis performed in the space defined by the site-specific carbon isotope ratios allows natural vanillin and that from different synthetic origins to be unambiguously distinguished.