The morbidity and mortality experience of male members of sick-benefit associations in 7 chromate-producing plants are described. Sickness among a group of white male chromate workers was compared with that of a large group of industrial workers. The annual number of cases of sickness and non-industrial injuries per 1000 white males was 116.3 for chromate workers and 108.4 for other industrial workers. For all specific causes except cancer the chromate workers had frequency rates that were not greatly different from other workers. Cancer, with a rate of 7.1 for chromate workers compared with 0.7 for workers in other industries, stands out as markedly in excess for chromate workers. The frequency of sickness among chromate workers has shown a trend downward during the past 5 yrs. The most marked decline has occurred among respiratory diseases. Nonwhite chromate workers under 55 yrs. of age had a higher rate for sickness and nonindustrial injuries than had the white workers. For cases lasting 8 days or longer the former had a frequency rate of 156.7/1000 compared with 86.2 for the latter. For the period 1940-48 the avg. annual death rate per 100,000 males aged 15 to 74 yrs. for all causes was 1503.1 for chromate workers and 927.8 for the corresponding male population of the United States; for all causes except cancer the death rates were 923.6 and 797.5, respectively. For cancer, all sites, the actual number of deaths of chromate workers was approx. 4.5 times the number that would have been expected had the cancer rates for all males in the United States prevailed. When cancer of the respiratory system was observed separately for chrbmate workers, nearly 29 times as many deaths as were expected were found. Deaths from all other types of cancer failed to show an excess among chromate workers. A racial comparison of respiratory cancer deaths showed that the ratio of actual to expected number of deaths was 14 for whites and 80 for nonwhites; for cancer, all other sites, the 2 ratios were markedly lower.