Limitation of jaw movement by antagonist muscle stiffness during unloading of human jaw closing muscles

Abstract

The unloading reflex in the jaw closing muscles in man was investigated with a view to correlating the jaw closing movement with the timing of the electrical activity of the agonist and antagonist muscles. When the resistance to a forceful isometric bite was suddenly and unexpectedly withdrawn, the closing movement of the mandible was always arrested before the teeth came together. The rapid arrest of the jaw closing movement was not adequately accounted for by the timing of the inhibition of the jaw closing muscles and reflex excitation of the jaw opening muscles. It was observed that the jaw opening muscles, as well as the jaw closing muscles, were always active during the phase of isometric biting on an object between the teeth. It is therefore concluded that the resulting stiffness of the antagonist muscles is the mechanism which is principally responsible for limiting the jaw closing movement after unloading of the agonist muscles.