Membrane Composition Affects the Reversibility of Annexin A2t Binding to Solid Supported Membranes: A QCM Study

Abstract

By means of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique, we investigated the interaction of porcine heterotetrametric annexin A2t with solid supported lipid membranes. Dissociation and rate constants of annexin A2t binding to various lipid mixtures were determined as a function of Ca²⁺ concentrations in solution. In contrast to what has been observed for annexin A1, the binding affinity and kinetics of annexin A2t binding are not influenced by cholesterol. In the experimental setup chosen, the annexin A2t binding is strictly Ca²⁺-dependent and only affected by the amount of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the membrane and the Ca²⁺ concentration in solution. By Ca²⁺-titration experiments at constant annexin A2t concentration, we investigated the reversibility of annexin A2t adsorption and desorption. Surprisingly, Ca²⁺-titration curves display a significant hysteresis. Protein desorption curves starting from annexin A2t bound to the membrane at 1 mM CaCl₂ exhibit high cooperativity with half-maximum Ca²⁺ concentrations in the submicromolar range. However, protein adsorption curves starting from an EGTA-containing solution with soluble annexin A2t always show two inflection points upon addition of Ca²⁺ ions. These two inflection points may be indicative of two protein populations differently bound to the solid-supported membrane. The ratio of these two annexin A2t populations depends on the amount of PS molecules and cholesterol in the membrane as well as on the Ca²⁺ concentration. We propose a model discussing the results obtained in terms of two binding sites differing in their affinity due to lipid rearrangement.