Detection methods for atoms and radicals in the gas phase

Abstract

This report lists atoms and free radicals in the gas phase which are of interest for environmental and flame chemistry and have been detected directly. The detection methods which have been used are discussed with respect to their range of application, specificity and sensitivity. In table 1, detection methods for the five atoms of group IV (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and about 60 radicals containing at least one atom of group IV are summarized (CH, Cd, Cf, CC1, CB_r, Cn, Cs, CS_e, CH₂, CD₂, Chf, Cdf, CHC1, CHB_r, CF₂, CC1₂, CBr₂, CFC1, CFBr, CH₃, CD₃, CF₃, CH₂F, CH₂C1, CH₂B_r, CHF₂, CHC1₂, CHBr₂, Hco, Fco, CH₃0, CD₃0, CH₂OH, CH₃S, Nco, CH₄N, CH₃0₂, CF₃0₂; C₂, C₂N, C₂H, C₂0, C₂HO, C₂H₃, C₂F₃, C₂H₅, C₂H_sO, C₂H₄OH, CH₃CO, CD₃CO, C₂H₃O, C₂H₅0₂, CH₃COO₂, C₂H₄N, C₂H₆N, C₃; Si, SiF, SiF₂, SiO, SiC, Si₂; Ge, GeC, GeO, GeF, GeF₂, GeCl₂, Sn, SnF, SnO, SnF₂, Pb, PbF, PbF₂, PbO, PbS). In table 2 detection methods for about 25 other atoms and 60 radicals are listed: (H, D, O, O₂, Oh, Od, HO₂, DO₂, F, Ci, Br, I, Fo, Cio, BrO, Io, FO₂, C1O₂, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, N, N₃, Nh, Nd, Nf, Nci, NBr, NH₂, ND₂, Nhd, Nhf, NF₂, NC1₂, N₂H₃, No, NO₂, NO₃, Hno, Dno, P, Ph, Pd, Pf, Pci, PH₂, PD₂, PF₂, Po, As, AsO, AsS, Sb, Bi, S, S₂, Sh, Sd, Sf, SF₂, So, Hso, Dso, Sn, Se, Te, Se₂, SeH, SeD, SeF, SeO, SeS, SeN, TeH, TeO, Bh, BH₂, Bo, Bn, B0₂, Cd, Hg, UF₅). The tables also cite some recent kinetic applications of the various methods.