Abstract
Summary A case of plasma-cell mastitis has been described and all previous documented cases have been analysed. Plasma-cell mastitis is a definite clinical entity, though difficult to distinguish from mammary carcinoma by clinical signs alone. The only possibility of arriving at a correct diagnosis lies in the evaluation of the characteristic history of a preceding inflammatory process in a nonlactating breast. As the symptoms of the acute phase pass off, a hard painless mass remains. Microscopic evidence of the biopsy material is typical. The case for conservatism in surgery is discussed.

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