Abstract
The theory of atmospheric neutron measurements is reviewed in the light of recent data on neutron scattering and capture cross sections in air and boron. It is concluded that the mean energy of atmospheric neutrons is 0.26 ev rather than the previous value of 0.06 calculated by Bethe, Korff, and Placzek. The spatial distribution is then recalculated and found to agree closely with earlier calculations by Flügge. Recent measurements of neutron intensity as a function of altitude are discussed in the light of the foregoing and are found to offer confirmation of the new calculations.