Hepatocellular carcinoma in a young woman with prolonged exposure to oral contraceptives

Abstract
A case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a young female is presented in which the apparent etiology was the use of oral contraceptives for 51/2 years. Sequential therapeutic trials with intraarterial 5‐fluorouracil, intraarterial adriamycin, and intravenous 1,3 bis[2‐chloroethyl]‐1‐nitrosourea (BCNU) were unsuccessful. The adverse effects of oral contraceptives on the structure and function of hepatic tissue are reviewed.