The craniofacial morphology in individuals with maxillonasal dysplasia (Binder's syndrome). A longitudinal cephalometric study of orthodontically untreated children

Abstract

Thirteen children with maxillonasal dysplasia, 7 boys and 6 girls, not orthodontically treated, were studied longitudinally. Three boys had rejected all kinds of treatment in spite of an objective need for correction. The other 10 children had no or little need for orthodontic treatment. The aim of the investigation was to study individual growth in this untreated group of subjects with Binder's syndrome. Thirty-five variables were measured on lateral skull radiographs, taken at intervals from early childhood until growth was completed, or in a few cases almost completed. The results are presented in diagrams and compared with Swedish children and young adults with orthognathic profiles and normal occlusion, matched for sex and age. Some of the variables showed large individual variations and some were similar to the reference values, but those variables responsible for the characteristic appearance of individuals with maxillonasal dysplasia were all divergent from normal standards. The graphical presentation showed, however, that during growth most variables in the Binder subjects changed in parallel with those in normal children and mainly during puberty.