Mortality Probability Models (MPM II) Based on an International Cohort of Intensive Care Unit Patients

Abstract

Objective. —To revise and update models in the Mortality Probability Model (MPM II) system to estimate the probability of hospital mortality among 19124 intensive care unit (ICU) patients that can be used for quality assessment within and among ICUs. Design and Setting. —Models developed and validated on consecutive admissions to adult medical and surgical ICUs in 12 countries. Patients. —A total of 12610 patients for model development, 6514 patients for model validation. Patients younger than 18 years and burn, coronary care, and cardiac surgery patients were excluded. Outcome Measure. —Vital status at hospital discharge. Results. —The admission model, MPM₀, contains 15 readily obtainable variables. In developmental and validation samples it calibrated well (goodness-of-fit tests:P=.623 andP=.327, respectively, where a highPvalue represents good fit between observed and expected values) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.837 and 0.824, respectively). The 24-hour model, MPM₂₄(developed on 10357 patients still in the ICU at 24 hours), contains five of the admission variables and eight additional variables easily ascertained at 24 hours. It also calibrated well (P=.764 and^P=.231 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively) and discriminated well (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve=0.844 and 0.836 in the developmental and validation samples, respectively). Conclusions. —Among severity systems for intensive care patients, the MPM₀is the only model available for use at ICU admission. Both MPM₀and MPM₂₄are useful research tools and provide important clinical information when used alone or together. (JAMA. 1993;270:2478-2486)