Immune Responses and Reactions to Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids, with Pertussis Vaccine, Aluminum Phosphate Precipitated

Abstract

IMMUNIZATIONS combining diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with pertussis vaccine, using alum or aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant, have been reported in studies by di Sant' Agnese,¹ Volk,² Fleming³ and others. Holt⁴ has described the preparation of a purified diphtheria toxoid with aluminum phosphate as the mineral carrier. Clinical trials of this material have been extensive.⁵ We agree with Holt⁴ "that aluminum phosphate is an extremely suitable vehicle for adsorbing diphtheria toxoid when used for human prophylaxis, in that local or general reactions were absent or trifling."This study presents the use of a new product in the sense that aluminum . . .