Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in brain: localization in and release from isolated nerve terminals.

Abstract

The vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was present in synaptosomal (nerve ending) preparations from cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and striatum of rat brain in higher concentrations than in these tissues as a whole. The total content and relative specific activity of the peptide increased with progressive purification of the synaptosomal fractions and generally followed the distribution of known synaptosomal constituents-dopamine, norepinephrine and lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27). The peptide was also released from synaptosomal pellets with increased K+ concentration, and this release was Ca2+-dependent. The findings suggest a role for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide as a transmitter or modulator of synaptic function.