An unusual case of the amnesic syndrome was discussed, and more particularly an interview in which a singular example of paramnesia was observed. In reply to uninformative questions, the patient recalled details of 2 events, one dating back before and another after the onset of his illness. Half an hour later he repeated the same performance in recall, and on both occasions he believed that the information had just been imparted to him by the interviewer. It is suggested that a failure in self-reference that occurs so instantly after the completion of a performance in recall, repeatedly, and with respect to events of lasting significance, as it did in this instance, be recognized as a special type of memory disorder, under the generic name of probole. For the study of normal remembering, this observation in pathological function is of interest in that it demonstrates the autonomy of the self-reference component in recall. As an explanation, it is proposed that act of remembering becomes related to the self at the stage of its planning, and that in the interview reported the patient''s recall was programmed entirely by the interviewer''s questions. Although the content of his answers was supplied from the patient''s store of memories, it would not have been available to him if he had not been asked to produce it step by step. Because recall followed a plan set up by an external agent, the entire performance was mistakenly attributed to that agent. A few notes on the patient''s olfactory symptoms follow, and a brief discussion of some introspective observations about the efforts demanded of amnesic patients to achieve quite simple successes in remembering. The patient''s doubts and attempts to correct errors are considered in relation to confabulation, and are compared with the behavior of the typical amnesic patient who rarely evinces a need to correct errors in recall.