Characterization of PdCl2/SnCl2 metallization catalysts on a polyetherimide surface by XPS and RBS
- 1 January 1988
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Surface and Interface Analysis
- Vol. 11 (3), 160-164
- https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.740110307
Abstract
A metallization catalyst (based on the PdCl2/SnCl2 system) adsorbed on polyetherimide surfaces was characterized by x‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford back scattering (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The overall Pd/Sn ratio increased from 0.2 to 3.8 when the initial sensitized surface was treated with the accelerator solution. XPS results indicated that before acceleration, only Sn(IV) (stannic hydroxide) is obserable, and after acceleration both metallic Sn and Sn(IV) are present; palladium is present primarily in a metallic form both before and after the accelerator step. Total Pd and Sn coverages were also obtained by RBS, and the total Pd/Sn ratios agree with the XPS surface measurements for specimens just prior to metallization. TEM micrographs showed the adsorbed catalyst consisted of particles 10–50 Å in size covering only a fraction of the surface.Keywords
This publication has 9 references indexed in Scilit:
- Algorithms for the rapid simulation of Rutherford backscattering spectraNuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1985
- XPS: Energy calibration of electron spectrometers. 1—An absolute, traceable energy calibration and the provision of atomic reference line energiesSurface and Interface Analysis, 1984
- An Electron Diffraction Study on Mixed PdCl2 / SnCl2 Catalysts for Electroless PlatingJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 1980
- A Study on Activation and Acceleration by Mixed PdCl2 / SnCl2 Catalysts for Electroless Metal DepositionJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 1980
- Electroless plating of plasticsJournal of Chemical Education, 1978
- The chemistry of palladium—tin colloid sensitizing processesJournal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1976
- Hartree-Slater subshell photoionization cross-sections at 1254 and 1487 eVJournal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 1976
- A Rutherford Scattering Study of Catalyst Systems for Electroless Cu Plating: I . Surface Chemistry of Mixed Pd, Sn ColloidsJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 1975
- Electron Microscope Investigation of Mixed Stannous Chloride/ Palladium Chloride Catalysts for Plating Dielectric SubstratesJournal of the Electrochemical Society, 1974