A Comprehensive Radiation Scheme for Numerical Weather Prediction Models with Potential Applications in Climate Simulations

Abstract
A comprehensive scheme for the parameterization of radiative transfer in numerical weather Prediction (NWP) models has been developed. The scheme is based on the solution of the δ-two-stream version of the radiative transfer equation incorporating the effects of scattering, absorption, and emission by cloud droplets, aerosols, and gases in each part of the spectrum. An extremely flexible treatment of clouds is obtained by allowing partial cloud cover in any model layer and relating the cloud optical properties to the cloud liquid water content. The latter quantity may either be a prognostic or diagnostic variable of the host model or specified a priori depending on cloud type, height, or similar criteria. The treatment of overlapping cloud layers is based on realistic assumptions, but any different approach requires only minor modifications of the code. The scheme has been tested extensively in the framework of the intercomparison of radiation codes in climate models (ICRCCM, WMO 1984, 1990). Rad... Abstract A comprehensive scheme for the parameterization of radiative transfer in numerical weather Prediction (NWP) models has been developed. The scheme is based on the solution of the δ-two-stream version of the radiative transfer equation incorporating the effects of scattering, absorption, and emission by cloud droplets, aerosols, and gases in each part of the spectrum. An extremely flexible treatment of clouds is obtained by allowing partial cloud cover in any model layer and relating the cloud optical properties to the cloud liquid water content. The latter quantity may either be a prognostic or diagnostic variable of the host model or specified a priori depending on cloud type, height, or similar criteria. The treatment of overlapping cloud layers is based on realistic assumptions, but any different approach requires only minor modifications of the code. The scheme has been tested extensively in the framework of the intercomparison of radiation codes in climate models (ICRCCM, WMO 1984, 1990). Rad...