In this paper I will discuss both the potential and application of infrared fibers, specifically for the wavelength range covering 0.8- to 12 μm. Much has been said about the potential of IR fibers, what can be done and what is being done, so it will not be necessary for me to emphasize that aspect. However, any good talk is normally organized in terms of what, how, and why. Since in some sense I am going to speak for the users of infrared fibers and their accompanying technology, I will concentrate on why, rather than how. I will try to provide the necessary justification for the need for low loss fibers in the IR region.