Trends and sources of nosocomial fungaemia
- 1 June 1994
- Vol. 37 (5-6), 187-190
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1994.tb00298.x
Abstract
Concurrent surveillance of blood culture isolates in a 1000-bed tertiary care hospital over a 7-year period from 1986 to 1993 identified 102 episodes of nosocomial fungaemia, representing 6.6% of all episodes of nosocomial bloodstream infections and 0.49/1000 admissions. No significant change in the frequency, rate, source or microbial aetiology of nosocomial fungaemia occurred over the 7-year period. Candida albicans accounted for 74%, followed by Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata (8%), C. parapsilosis (7%), C. tropicalis (3%), C. lusitaniae (2%), C. krusei, Malassezia furfur Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula, anomala and Cryptococcus albidus (one each). ‘Primary’ fungaemia, usually attributed to intravascular catheters, was considered to be the source in 65% of cases, with 64% of these patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Other important sources of infection included the urinary tract (11%), the gastrointestinal tract (8%) and the respiratory tract (7%). Sixty-four % of patients were in one of the hospital's seven intensive care units (ICUs) when their infection developed, the neonatal ICU and adult medical/surgical ICU each accounting for 21%. Only 7% of cases were associated with neutropenia and another 14% with malignancy or immunosuppression. Death occurred within 7 days of diagnosis of fungaemia in 23 cases. In eight instances, fungaemia was considered the main cause of death. We conclude that in our hospital nosocomial fungaemia is largely caused by C. albicans, occurring in association with intravascular catheter use and TPN in ICU patients. Most cases are not associated with recognized immune defence defects. Fungaemia is associated with a high short-term mortality rate. Zusammenfassung. In einer Übersicht von Blutkultur-Isolaten in einer 1000-Betten-Klinik wurden während des 7-Jahre-Zeitraumes von 1986–1993 102 Episoden nosokomialer Fungämien aufgedeckt, was 6.6% aller nosokomialen Blutwegsinfektionen ausmacht und 0,49 Episoden pro 1000 Patienten entspricht. Im Beobachtungszeitraum über die 7 Jahre hinweg wurden keine Änderungen in der Häufigkeit, der Anteilsrate. den Infektionsquellen und der mikrobiellen Ätiologie beobachtet. Candida albicans war mit 74% der häufigste Keim, gefolgt von C. (Torulopsis) glabrata mit 8%, C. Parapsilosis mit 7%, C. tropicalis mit 3%. C. lusitaniae mit 2% und C. krusei, Malassezia furfur, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula anomala und Cryptooccus albidus (je 1). Die ‘primäre’ Fungämie, allgemein intravaskulären Kathetern zugeschrieben, wurde bei den 65% der Patienten mit parenteraler Totalernährung zu einem Anteil von 64% nachgewiesen. Andere wichtige Infektquellen sind die Harnwege (11%), der Gastrointestinaltrakt (8%) und der Respirationstrakt (7%). Von Patienten lagen 64% in einer der 7 Intensiveinheiten, als die Infektion ausbrach, davon in der Neugeborenen-Intensiveinheit und in den Erwachsenen-Intensiveinheiten der internistischen und chirurgischen Kliniken je 21%. Nur 7% der nosokomialen Infektionen waren Neutropenie-assoziiert, weitere 14% betrafen Patienten mit malignen Prozessen und Immunsuppression. Es verstarben 23 Patienten innerhalb von 7 d nach der Diagnosestellung. Bei 8 hiervon war die Fungamie Haupttodesursache. In den untersuchten Krankenhäusern wird die nosokomiale Fungämie hauptsächlich durch C. albicans verursacht in enger Korrelation mitKeywords
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