Pulsed Ultrasound—Illustrations of Clinical Applications

Abstract

The reflected echo method of measuring the position of the midline structures and interpretation of the normal ultrasound record are described. In cases of cranio-cerebral trauma early clinical recognition of cerebral compression may be difficult. In these cases, before signs of cerebral compression have become obvious, ultrasound demonstration of midline displacement and abnormally placed echoes may be invaluable in indicating the need for active investigation and surgical treatment. In patients suspected of harbouring cerebral tumours, ultrasound offers a simple means of establishing the presence or absence of midline displacement. In obstructive hydrocephalus the demonstration of enlarged lateral ventricles without midline displacement provides information upon which subsequent investigation and treatment can be based. In cerebro-vascular accidents, coma, lack of a history and a limited neurological examination may make accurate diagnosis difficult. Such patients, for various reasons, are usually not fit subjects for prolonged or disturbing investigation. Ultrasound may be of great value where enlarged lateral ventricles and the absence of midline displacement should arouse suspicion of cerebral haemorrhage.