Image Planes and Surface States

Abstract

We show that the binding energy of surface states is a multibranch function of the image-plane position. The states of the Rydberg series (including the conventional crystal-derived states) have a unique labeling in terms of the number of extrema in the wave function beyond the crystal edge, and the spatial extent of the image states is determined by their binding energy. In addition, we find that the image plane is further from the crystal edge on more loosely packed surfaces and that dynamical corrections to the image potential account for increases in the effective mass of <5%.