Diagnosis-Independent Alzheimer Disease Biomarker Signature in Cognitively Normal Elderly People

Abstract

The initiation of the Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenic process is typically unobserved and has been thought to precede the first symptoms by 10 years or more. Therefore, demonstrating that AD biomarkers, such as cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid protein 1-42 (CSF Aβ1-42), total CSF tau protein, and CSF phosphorylated tau_181P (P-Tau_181P) protein concentrations,¹ are true indicators of the pathogenic process at an early stage is a major challenge. Although other biomarkers determined in CSF or plasma can also be envisioned,^2,3 P-Tau and Aβ biomarkers are currently already being considered for inclusion in revised AD diagnostic criteria.⁴