Liquid crystal alignment on polyimide Langmuir–Blodgett films prepared on a newly designed Langmuir trough using a flowing subphase

Abstract
Nematic and smectic liquid crystals are homogeneously aligned on polyimide Langmuir–Blodgett films prepared by horizontal lifting on a novel Langmuir trough using a flowing subphase. Atomic force microscopy observation of the polymer monolayer deposited on graphite reveals that the polymer chains are elongated and aligned in the flow direction. Thus the alignment may act through the orientation of polyimide molecules.