Increasing Complexities in the Apple Spray Program1

Abstract

Ten factors are listed as being responsible for most of the present day complexities: (1) new spray chemicals, (2) new formulations, (3) price differentiations, (4) new machinery (sprayers and dusters), (5) new methods of chemical application, (6) different recommendations, (7) timing, (8) new pests, (9) increased difficulty in controlling old pests, (10) resistance. A brief discussion of each of these points is presented, together with data collected in 1954 regarding mite resistance to parathion and related compounds, and codling moth resistance to DDT.