V. Experimental determination of the velocity of white and of coloured light

Abstract
The method employed in this research to measure the velocity of light resembled the method of M. Fizeau, subsequently employed by M. Cornu. A revolving toothed wheel is employed in the same way to alter the intensity of the light reflected from a distance. In the present method, however, there are two distant reflectors instead of only one. They are separated by a distance of a quarter of a mile. The observing telescope and the two reflectors are almost in the same line. The observer sees two stars of light which go through their phases with different periods as the toothed wheel is revolved at increasing speeds. One star is increasing, while the other is diminishing, in intensity, with increase of speed of the toothed wheel. The speed required to produce equality of the lights is determined by means of a chronograph. By choosing such a speed as gives a maximum of one star at the same speed as a minimum of the other, a pair of observations eliminates all cause of doubt arising from varying brightness in the stars, and ratio of the width of a tooth to the width of a space. The distances were observed by triangulation with the Ordnance Survey 18-inch theodolite, using as a base line a side of one of the Ordnance Survey triangles. The source of light was an electric lamp. The velocities (uncorrected for rate of clock, and reduction to a vacuum) measured are as follows:— 187,707 188,405 187,676 186,457 185,788 186,495 187,003 186,190 186,830 187,266 188,110 188,079 Mean.................. 187,167 miles a second. The correction to vacunm is + 54 miles a second. The correction for rate of clock to a mean solar time is + 52 miles a second.