Electrophilic amination of a single methionine residue located at the active site of D-amino acid oxidase by O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine

Abstract

O-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)hydroxylamine is a rapid active-site-directed inhibitor of D-amino acid oxidase: modification results in specific incorporation of an amine group into an accessible nucleophilic residue with concomitant release of 2,4-dinitrophenol. The reaction is prevented by the competitive inhibitor benzoate, indicating an active-site-directed reaction. A stoichiometry of 1-1.5 mol of amine residues per enzyme bound flavin adenine dinucleotide monomer was observed at pH 7.0. Amino acid and sequence analyses show that His-217 is not the target of the modification reaction. Dependence of the modification on pH, model studies on functional groups present on amino acids, and thiolysis studies on animated enzyme collectively indicate that the modification is located on a methionine residue at or near the active site of the enzyme. Animated enzyme, although spectrally similar to native enzyme, exhibits a 7-9-nm blue shift in the 455-nm flavin absorption. Benzoate perturbs the spectrum of animated enzyme, but binding relative to native enzyme is much weaker (Kd ca. 300 times greater at pH 8.0).