Chloroquine increases low-density lipoprotein removal from plasma in systemic lupus patients

Abstract

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients taking chloroquine diphosphate (CDP) was evaluated through the kinetic behavior of a radioactive cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion (LDE) that resembles the LDL lipidic structure. LDE was labeled with ¹⁴C-cholesteryl ester (¹⁴C-CE), then IV injected in inactive female SLE patients: 10 taking CDP (CDP), 10 without therapy (NO THERAPY); and 10 normal subjects (CONTROL). Groups were age-matched and followed rigorous selection criteria of conditions that interfere in the lipid profile. Blood samples were collected in pre-established intervals after infusion for radioactivity measurement. Fasting lipoproteins were determined in the beginning of kinetic studies. Fractional clearance rate (FCR) of ¹⁴C-CE was significantly different in the three groups ( P = 0.03). In fact, a greater FCR of ¹⁴C-CE was observed in CDP compared to NO THERAPY (0.076 ± 0.037 versus 0.046 ± 0.021 h^{— 1}; P < 0.05) and to CONTROL (0.0516 ± 0.0125 h^{— 1}; P < 0.05). Accordingly, a significant lower total and LDL cholesterol were observed in CDP (156 ± 16 and 88 ± 16 mg/dl) compared to NO THERAPY (174 ± 15 and 108 ± 17 mg/dl; P < 0.05) and to CONTROL (200 ± 24 and 118 ± 23 mg/dl; P < 0.05). In contrast, no difference in (FCR) of ¹⁴C-CE of NO THERAPY and CONTROL groups was observed. This is the first in vivo demonstration that LDE removal by LDL receptor from plasma is increased in SLE patients taking CDP with a consequent beneficial decrease in LDL-c levels. Lupus (2007) 16, 273—278.