PARTURITION IN THE COW: ENDOCRINE CHANGES IN ANIMALS WITH CHRONICALLY IMPLANTED CATHETERS IN THE FOETAL AND MATERNAL CIRCULATIONS

Abstract

SUMMARY: Intravascular catheters were placed in the umbilical, uterine and maternal peripheral circulations of 16 Jersey cows between 240 and 260 days of gestation. Foetal plasma cortisol, blood gases and pH, and maternal plasma oestrogen, progesterone and cortisol were measured in ten animals during late pregnancy and throughout spontaneous parturition; all delivered live foetuses although parturition was earlier than normal and the placenta was generally retained. The gradual pre-partum rise in foetal plasma cortisol during the last week of gestation (from 10–20 ng/ml 7 days before parturition to 51 ± 5 ng/ml in the last 3 h before delivery) was much less marked than the abrupt increase immediately after birth when the cortisol concentration invariably doubled. Maternal plasma oestrogen rose from 0.35 ± 0.04 ng/ml to 1·20 ± 0.11 ng/ml during the week before parturition. Progesterone concentrations remained stable until a sudden fall 1–2 days before delivery. The slight alterations in maternal plasma cortisol during this period were not statistically significant. The maternal plasma oestrogen levels were higher in the uterine vein than in the periphery, whereas uterine venous progesterone concentrations were significantly lower than in the peripheral circulation.