MICROTUBULES IN RELATION TO THE MOTILITY OF A SPERM SYNCYTIUM IN AN ARMORED SCALE INSECT

Abstract

Male scale insects of the species Parlatoria oleae Colvee (Homoptera: Coccoidea) produce motile sperm bundles. The bundle is a syncytium consisting of 10 to 20 closely packed, filamentous spermatozoa, which share a common cytoplasm and are enclosed in a common membrane. The individual spermatozoon is not surrounded by a plasma membrane, but is delimited by a scroll-like sheath composed of 45 to 50 microtubules. The microtubules run parallel to the long axis of the spermatozoon and are arranged in a spiral pattern as seen in transection. The outside diameter measures approximately 140 to 220 A and the ?nside diameter, 70 to 100 A. The spermatozoon is about 300 [mu] long and tapers gradually from a diameter of approximately 0.3 [mu] anteriorly to 0.1 [mu] posteriorly. The anterior half (150 [mu]) has a threadlike core of chromatin about 0.07 [mu] in diameter. A homogeneous cytoplasm surrounds the nuclear core and fills the posterior half of the spermatozoon. Neither osmium tetroxide nor glutaralde-hyde fixation revealed the presence of a nuclear envelope, acrosomal membranes, mitochondria, flagellum, or centrioles. In spite of the apparent lack of orthodox cell organelles, the spermatozoon is actively motile upon release from the bundle. It exhibits capacity for motility throughout its entire length. Since the sheath of microtubules is the only structure which extends the full length of the spermatozoon, it probably plays a significant role in spermatozoan motility.