Intranasal Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Reduces theAspergillusBurden in an Immunosuppressed Murine Model of Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Abstract

We demonstrated that intranasal granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor given to immunosuppressed mice infected with pulmonary aspergillosis resulted in a sixfold reduction in the lung fungal burden compared to the result for saline-treated mice (P = 0.045). These data suggest that lung-targeted immunotherapy may be complementary to antifungal agents and may improve patient responses.