IN 1962 Israel and Diamond1 reported a case of nitrofurantoin sensitivity manifested by recurrent pulmonary infiltration and pleural effusion. Since that time, at least 16 cases of lung disease associated with nitrofurantoin in adults have been reported in the American and foreign literature.1-11 The purpose of this report is to alert physicians of the possibility of this complication of nitrofurantoin therapy in childhood. Report of a Case The patient was 7 years old when she came to the Mayo Clinic in May 1967. She had been well until Aug 1963, when she was hospitalized for the evaluation of recurrent fever. A urine colony count revealed Escherichia coli and Proteus, more than 100,000 organisms/ml. No structural abnormalities of the urinary tract were detected on cystoscopy or urography. The fever recurred despite treatment with antibiotics, and in Sept 1963 therapy with nitrofurantoin (Furadantin), 50 mg twice daily, was instituted. The