Nonlinear compressibility effects in fluid-structure interaction and their implications on the air-blast loading of structures

Abstract

The impulse imparted by a blast wave to a freestanding solid plate is studied analytically and numerically focusing on the case in which nonlinear compressibility effects in the fluid are important, as is the case for explosions in air. The analysis furnishes, in effect, an extension of Taylor’s pioneering contribution to the understanding of the influence of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) on the blast loading of structures [The Scientific Papers of Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor, edited by G. K. Batchelor (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1963), Vol. III, pp. 287–303] to the nonlinear range. The limiting cases of extremely heavy and extremely light plates are explored analytically for arbitrary blast intensity, from where it is concluded that a modified nondimensional parameter representing the mass of compressed fluid relative to the mass of the plate governs the FSI. The intermediate asymptotic FSI regime is studied using a numerical method based on a Lagrangian formulation of the Euler equations of compressible flow and conventional shock-capturing techniques. Based on the analytical and numerical results, an approximate formula describing the entire range of relevant FSI conditions is proposed. The main conclusion of this work is that nonlinear fluid compressibility further enhances the beneficial effects of FSI in reducing the impulse transmitted to the structure. More specifically, it is found that transmitted impulse reductions due to FSI when compared to those obtained ignoring FSI effects are more significant than in the acoustic limit. This result can be advantageously exploited in the design and optimization of structures with increased blast resistance.