Pulsars Covered by the Dense Envelopes as High-Energy Neutrino Sources

Abstract

A newly-born pulsar is covered by the expanding dense envelope, and high-energy charged particles accelerated near the pulsar are effectively converted into high-energy neutrinos with energies of 10¹³ ∼10¹⁴ eV through meson production and its decay. Such a opaque phase continues for a couple of months. This model was first proposed by Berezinsky, but we will show that his flux estimation is too high by a factor of ∼10⁵. This reduction is needed because the particle flux is limited by the accompanying phenomena such as the source power of high-energy cosmic rays and the light element production rate by spallation nuclear reaction.