Conformations of Duplex Structures Formed by Oligodeoxynucleotides Covalently Linked to the Intercalator 2-Methoxy-6-Chloro-9-Aminoacridine

Abstract

A family of covalent complexes between oligonucleotides and derivatives of the intercalating agent 9-amino acridine has been synthesized (Asseline, U., Thuong, N.T. and Helene, C. (1983) CRAcad. Sei. (Paris)297(III), 369–372) and studied (Lancelot, G., Asseline, U., Thuong, N.T., and Helene, C. (1985) Biochemistry 24, 2521–2529; Lancelot, G., Asseline, U., Thuong, N.T., and Helene, C. (1985) J. Biomol. Str. Dyn. 3, 913–921) with a view to understand nucleic acid-nucleic acid recognition. In order to understand the nature of interactions between the intercalator and the oligonucleotides in such complexes and the sensitivity of such interactions to the polymorphic form of the DNA, we have carried out molecular mechanics simulations on duplex deoxyoligonucleotides d(A)₆ · d(T)₆ (A and B forms) and d(TATC) · d(GATA) (B form) covalently bound to 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine through a pentamethylene linker chain. Structures in which the acridine derivative is end stacked (at the 3′ and 5′ ends) and in which the dye is intercalated between the terminal base pairs (at both the ends) and between second and third base pairs from the 3′ end are all of reasonably low energy in both A and B forms of DNA Our studies on 3′ end complexes find that in the B form, intercalation of the dye between the second and third base pairs is preferred over the other two modes of binding, while in the A form, intercalation between the terminal base pairs is preferred. In the 5′ end A and B form complexes, outside stacking and intercalation between the terminal base pairs are preferred, respectively. Our calculations suggest the possibility that the presence of the dye attached covalently to the DNA can induce conformational transitions in the DNA. For example, intercalation of the dye two base pairs from the end could induce an A → B transition.