Crystal Growth of LiNbO3:Fe and Its Photorefractive Properties

Abstract
We have grown LiNbO3:Fe single crystals with different doping concentrations (0.09-0.27 mol%). The homogeneity of Fe in the material was investigated by X-ray microanalysis(XMA) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The optical absorption coefficient increased with doping concentration in the entire wavelength region, and the characteristic band centered around 480 nm was observed. The amplitudes of refractive index change produced by photorefractive two-wave mixing were measured in the initial stage (short-time limit) with respect to the wavelength, the direction of polarization, the intensity of incident laser light and doping levels of crystals.