Effects of Tobacco Smoke Inhalation on Capillary Blood Flow in Human Skin

Abstract

To measure the effects of tobacco smoke inhalation on capillary blood flow in human skin, 20 female tobacco smokers consented to smoke three cigarettes with nicotine levels of 0.50, 0.98, and 1.90 mg per cigarette, each on a separate occasion. Measurements of blood flow velocity and vascular diameter were made along the venous limb of capillaries within the nailfold skin of the third finger via videomicroscopy before and for 5 min after the smoking of each cigarette. Capillary blood flow (CBF) was calculated as a product of capillary cross-sectional area and flow velocity. Resting presmoke CBF for all experiments combined averaged 4.7 × 10⁴ μ³/sec. All three cigarettes elicited a significant reduction in CBF with the maximal effect within the first 2 min of the post-smoke period (p ≤ .05). Respective CBF values during this time averaged 3.6, 3.4, and 2.7 μ³/sec for the low-, medium-, and high-nicotine cigarettes. Although the data suggested a downward trend in CBF with increasing nicotine levels, the post-smoke values were not significantly different among the three cigarettes. It is concluded that acute tobacco smoke inhalation reduces CBF in human skin, but the effect is not related to the nicotine content of the cigarettes. The changes in cutaneous CBF observed with tobacco smoking are less compared to reported effects of smoke inhalation on total digital blood flow.