Lyotropic Paracrystalline Phases Obtained With Ternary and Quaternary Systems of Amphiphilic Substances in Water: Studies on Agreous Systems of Lecithin, Bile Salt and Cholesterol

Abstract

Lyotropic liquid crystals given by binary systems have been known for a long time to investigators in the soap and detergent field, mainly by the work of McBain and his school.^{1, 2} The first analysis by X-ray diffraction of soap mesophases was done by Stauff³ and by Kiessig and Philippoff.⁴ Liquid crystals obtained with phospholipids in the presence of water were examined by X-ray analysis already in 1941 by Schmitt et al.⁵ More recently Luzzati et al.⁶ defined the structure of the different mesophases with more precision.